谷立东,李子昕,尚晓晴,王杰,李德江,曾小勤

• 1:上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院
• 2:上海交通大学深圳研究院

摘要(Abstract)：

半固态注射成型技术近年来为镁合金行业注入了新的活力，综述了镁合金半固态注射成型技术的发展现状与应用前景。首先，阐述了镁合金半固态注射成型工艺的原理及优势，总结了镁合金半固态注射成型机的发展历程，指出中国在大型化装备技术领域正逐步成为创新引领者。进一步分析了基于半固态工艺技术的镁材料组织与性能研究的最新进展，指出该技术是充分挖掘镁合金性能潜力、减少铸造缺陷的重要方法之一。除Mg-Al体系外，随着新型半固态镁合金的研究，半固态注射成型的镁基复合材料因具有短流程、高性能的特点而受到关注。镁合金半固态注射成型技术已在消费电子、交通工具等领域得到应用，正逐步拓展至大型结构件的生产制造，特别是在新能源汽车领域展现出巨大的应用潜力和前景。

关键词(KeyWords)： 镁合金;半固态;注射成型;力学性能

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 深圳市科技计划（KJZD20231023092902005）

作者(Author): 谷立东,李子昕,尚晓晴,王杰,李德江,曾小勤

DOI: 10.19710/J.cnki.1003-8817.20240381

参考文献(References)：

• [1] LIU B, YANG J, ZHANG X Y, et al. Development and Application of Magnesium Alloy Parts for Automotive OEMs:A Review[J]. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys,2023, 11(1):15-47.
• [2]谢水生,李兴刚,王浩,等.金属半固态加工技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社, 2012.
• [3]谷立东.半固态6061铝合金的SIMA法制备工艺及触变成形研究[D].上海:上海交通大学, 2018.
• [4] DU X H, ZHANG E L. Microstructure and Mechanical Behaviour of Semi-Solid Die-Casting AZ91D Magnesium Alloy[J]. Materials Lett, 2007, 61(11):2333-2337.
• [5]吴树森,李东南,毛有武,等.半固态流变压铸AZ91D镁合金的组织与性能[J].铸造, 2002(10):583-586.
• [6] MATHIEU S, RAPIN C, HAZAN J, et al. Corrosion Behaviour of High Pressure Die-Cast and Semi-Solid Cast AZ91D Alloys[J]. Corrosion Science, 2002, 44(12):2737-2756.
• [7] LIU B, YANG J, ZHANG X Y, et al. Development and Application of Magnesium Alloy Parts for Automotive OEMs:A Review[J]. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys,2023, 11(1):15-47.
• [8] ZHU Y B, MIDSON S P. The Status of Magnesium Injection Molding in China[J]. Solid State Phenomena,2019, 4723:436-440.
• [9] ZHU Y B, MIDSON S P. The Status of Magnesium Injection Molding in China[J]. Solid State Phenomena,2019, 4723:436-440.
• [10] DECKER R F, LEBEAU S E, WILSON B, et al.Thixomolding?at 25 Years[J]. Solid State Phenomena,2016, 256:3-8.
• [11]压铸周刊.合肥精深精密的JSW3000T镁合金注射成型机开机运行[EB/OL].(2024-04-23)[2024-10-29].https://www.yzweekly.com/xyzd/qiche/9067.htm.
• [12]汽车材料.海天金属HMG3000镁合金注射成型机正式发布[EB/OL].(2023-05-16)[2024-10-29]. https://www.qichecailiao.com/news/show-29037.html.
• [13]压铸周刊.【创新技术公示】4 000 t超大型镁合金半固态注射成型机[EB/OL].(2024-05-23)[2024-10-29].https://www.yzweekly.com/xiangguan/9144.htm.
• [14]上海有色金属网.伊之密3 200 t半固态镁合金注射成型机成功交付[EB/OL].(2024-04-01)[2024-10-29].https://news.smm.cn/news/102690678.
• [15] LI Z X, LI D J, ZHOU W K, et al. Characterization on the Formation of Porosity and Tensile Properties Prediction in Die Casting Mg Alloys[J]. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 2022, 10(7):1857-1867.
• [16] OKAYASU M, FUKUI T. A Study of the Mechanical Properties of a Mg-Al-Zn Alloy(AZ91)Produced via Thixomolding[J]. International Journal of Material Forming, 2021, 14(2):271-280.
• [17]谷立东,尚晓晴,王杰,等.层级式胞状结构和内部孔隙对触变成型AZ91D镁合金力学性能的影响(英文)[J/OL].中国有色金属学报, 2024:1-25[2025-02-17].http://kns. cnki. net/kcms/detail/43.1239. TG. 20240625.1732.014.html.
• [18] ZHANG Y F, LIU Y B, ZHANG Q Q, et al. Microstructural Evolution of Thixomolded AZ91D Magnesium Alloy with Process Parameters Variation[J]. Materials Science&Engineering, 2006, 444(1):251-256.
• [19] MURAKAMI Y, MIWA K, OMURA N, et al. Effects of Injection Speed and Fraction Solid on Tensile Strength in Semisolid Injection Molding of AZ91D Magnesium Alloy[J].Materials Transactions, 2012, 53(10):1775-1781.
• [20] ZANDER D, SCHNATTERER C. The Influence of Manufacturing Processes on the Microstructure and Corrosion of the AZ91D Magnesium Alloy Evaluated Using a Computational Image Analysis[J]. Corrosion Science, 2015,98:291-303.
• [21] ZHANG Y F, ZHENG J, XIA Y T, et al. Porosity Quantification for Ductility Prediction in High Pressure Die Casting AM60 Alloy using 3D X-Ray Tomography[J].Materials Science&Engineering A, 2020, 772.
• [22]林凌,曾小勤,丁文江.镁合金减震塔的真空压铸研究[J].特种铸造及有色合金, 2010, 30(3):240-243+192-193.
• [23] PATEL H A, CHEN D L, BHOLE S D, et al. Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Thixomolded Magnesium Alloys[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2010, 496(1/2):140-148.
• [24] PATEL H A, CHEN D L, BHOLE S D, et al. Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of a Semi-Solid Processed AM60B Magnesium Alloy[J]. Materials and Design, 2013, 49:456-464.
• [25] CHEN Z, HUANG J, DECKER R F, et al. The Effect of Thermomechanical Processing on the Tensile, Fatigue,and Creep Behavior of Magnesium Alloy AM60[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 2011, 42(5):1386-1399.
• [26]刘正,王中光,王越,等.压铸镁合金在汽车工业中的应用和发展趋势[J].特种铸造及有色合金, 1999(5):55-58.
• [27] DECKER R F, HUANG J, KULKARNI S, et al. Thixomolded and Thermomechanically Processed FineGrained Magnesium Alloys[J]. Materials Science Forum,2010, 962(654/655/656):574-579.
• [28] YOSHIAKI H, MAKOTO H, TAKEHIKO Y, et al. Influences of Carbon Addition on Mechanical Properties and Hydrogen Evolution of Thixomolded AM60B and AZ91D Magnesium Alloys:Mechanics of Materials[J]. Materials Transactions, 2020, 61(11):2156-2161.
• [29] TSUKEDA T, MAEHARA A, SAITO K, et al. Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Heat-Resistant Mg-AlCa Alloys Formed by Thixomolding[M]//KAPLAN H I,HRYN J N, CLOW B B. Magnesium Technology 2000.Pittsburgh, PA, USA:The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 2000:395-402.
• [30] SUZUKI M, SHIBATA A, MARUYAMA K. Creep Behavior and Microstructures in Grain Boundary Strengthened Mg-Al-Ca Thixomolded?Alloys[J].Materials Science Forum, 2012, 706-709:1249-1254.
• [31] BUZOLIN R H, VOLOVITCH P, MALTSEVA A, et al.Thixomolded AZ91D and MRI153M Magnesium Alloys and Their Enhanced Corrosion Resistance[J]. Materials and Corrosion, 2020, 71(3):339-351.
• [32] VERISSIMO N C, BRITO C, SANTOS W L R, et al.Interconnection of Zn Content, Macrosegregation,Dendritic Growth, Nature of Intermetallics and Hardness in Directionally Solidified Mg–Zn Alloys[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2016, 662:1-10.
• [33] WEILER J P. Exploring the Concept of Castability in Magnesium Die-Casting Alloys[J]. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 2021, 9(1):102-111.
• [34] GU L D, SHANG X Q, WANG J, et al. Development of High Strength and High Thermal Conductivity SemiSolid Magnesium Alloy by Thixomolding Process[J].Solid State Phenomena, 2023, 347:97-106.
• [35]上海交通大学.一种金属基复合材料的制备方法:CN202110438409.1[P]. 2021-09-14[2024-12-22].
• [36] RAUBER C, LOHMüLLER A, OPEL S, et al. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of SiC Particle Reinforced Magnesium Composites Processed by Injection Molding[J]. Materials Science and Engineering:A, 2011,528(19):6313-6323.
• [37] GU L D, SHANG X Q, WANG J, et al. The Influence of SiC–Al2O3 Reinforcements on the Deformation and Fracture Mechanism of Thixomolded Mg-based Composite[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2024, 59(22):9892-9907.
• [38] HASHIMOTO Y, HINO M, YANAGIYA T, et al. Influences of Carbon Addition on Mechanical Properties and Hydrogen Evolution of Thixomolded AM60B and AZ91D Magnesium Alloys:Mechanics of Materials[J]. Materials Transactions, 2020, 61(11):2156-2161.
• [39] HASHIMOTO Y, HINO M, MITOOKA Y, et al. Effects of Fixing Carbon Nanoparticle to AZ91D Magnesium Alloy Chip Surface on Thixomold Forming[J]. Materials Transactions, 2016, 57(2):183-187.
• [40] AKAZAWA S, FUKUTA T, OBUNAI K, et al. Improvement of Tensile Properties of Injection Molded AZ91Dalloy by Adding Carbon Black[J]. Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals, 2015, 65(4):113-117.
• [41]陈利文.半固态注射成型铸造法制备石墨烯纳米片/AZ91D镁基复合材料工艺及性能研究[D].太原:中北大学, 2020.
• [42] WANG X J, HU X S, LIU W Q, et al. Ageing Behavior of As-Cast SiCp/AZ91 Mg Matrix Composites[J]. Materials Science&Engineering A, 2017, 682:491-500.
• [43] HUANG S-J, SUBRAMANI M, ALI A N, et al. The Effect of Micro-SiCp Content on the Tensile and Fatigue Behavior of AZ61 Magnesium Alloy Matrix Composites[J].International Journal of Metalcasting, 2021, 15(3):780-93.
• [44]陶永亮,娄梦妮.镁合金半固态注射成型应用与案例[C]//第十八届中国铸造协会年会论文集.上海:中国铸造协会, 2022.